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Neurological & Spine Surgeries / Medical Treatment

Neurological medical treatment primarily deals with the functions of human brain. This therapeutic division of medicine and procedures treats disorders, disease and malfunctions of the brain, spinal cord, central & peripheral nerves and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. Neurological problems can develop due to hereditary disorders and abnormalities, infections, environmental health problems, brain, nerve and/or spinal cord injury. Non-operative and surgical both options are included to treat different types of neurological problems.

1.     General Neurosurgery

Most of the neuro-surgerical treatment comes under general neurosurgery which is used to treat many different types of conditions such as neuro-trauma, and neuro-emergencies such as intracranial hemorrhage etc. There are several methods to conduct general neurosurgery as given below:

• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Trauma Surgery
• Biopsy
• MRI-guided Laser Ablation
• Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery
• Neuroendoscopy

2.   Cerebrovascular Surgery

Cerebrovascular surgery is the surgical repair of the blood vessels that supply oxygen to the brain. Cerebrovascular disorders include lesions that may cause bleeding in the brain such as cerebral aneurysms and vascular malformations. Other cerebrovascular diseases/disorders include Arteriovenous Malformation, Cavernous Malformation, Dural Arterio-Venous Fistula, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency, Moya-Moya Disease, Carotid Artery Stenosis. Carotid Body Tumour, Intracranial-Extracranial Bypass Surgery and Vertebral Origin Stenosis.

3.    Functional Neurosurgery

Functional Neurosurgery is used to treat extensive range of health conditions including movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Dystonia, and Tremor, Tourette's syndrome, Epilepsy and Nneuropathic pain syndromes such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), Phantom Limb Pain, Anaesthesia Dolorosa, Post Stroke etc.

4.    Stereotactic Neurosurgery

Stereotactic neurosurgery is a minimally invasive technique wherein a three-dimensional image system works to locate small targets inside the brain to perform surgery. This method is useful for ablation, biopsy, lesion, injection, stimulation, implantation, radiosurgery, etc.

5.    Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a non-surgical radiation therapy used to treat functional abnormalities and small tumours of the brain. It can deliver precisely-targeted radiation in fewer high-dose treatments than traditional therapy, which can help preserve healthy tissue.

6.    Epilepsy Neurosurgery

Epilepsy neuro-surgery is done to treat epilepsy when a patient’s seizures cannot be treated with medications. Following are some of the methods:

• Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS)
• Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
• Focal Resection
• Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery
• Brain Laser Surgery or Laser Ablation

7.    Peripheral Nerve Surgery

The Peripheral Nerve Surgery is performed to diagnosis and for treatment of a variety of peripheral nerve disorders including injuries, entrapments (such as carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome or tarsal tunnel syndrome), and tumors (such as schwannoma or neurofibroma).

• Carpal Tunnel Release
• Ulnar Nerve Release

8.  Skull Base Surgery

Skull base surgery is a multi-disciplinary effort which combines the skills of otolaryngology, neurosurgery, neuro-radiology, anaesthesia, intensive care medicine. Besides open surgery, highly specialized minimally invasive surgical technique is also used for evaluating, diagnosing and treating benign or cancerous growths located on the underside of the brain, the base of the skull and the upper vertebrae of the spinal column.

• Anterior, Middle and Posterior Cranial Fossa
• Combined Neurosurgery/Otolaryngology Procedures

9.   Spine Surgery (Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar)

Skull base surgery is performed in order to approach a cranial tumour from underneath or the side, exposing it with little to no brain retraction.

• Fusion Surgery-Minimally Invasive and Traditional
• Disc arthroplasty / Replacement
• Kyphoplasty / Vertebroplasty
• Discectomy
• Deformity
• Decompression
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Motion Preservation
• Spinal Cord Stimulation
• Stabilization (Instrumentation and Fusion)
• Trauma / Fracture Surgery
• Tumour Resection / Spinal Reconstruction

10.  Trigeminal Neuralgia and  Nerve  Compression  Syndromes

Treatment :

• Microvascular Decompression
• Gamma Knife Radio-surgery
• Percutaneous Radiofrequency Rhizotomy

11.   Neuro-oncology Surgeries (For Brain Tumours)

Neuro-oncology is the study of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, mostly life-threatening such as astrocytoma, glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, ependymoma, pontine glioma, and brain stem tumours. Surgery related to diagnose and treat all these diseases are referred as neuro-oncology surgery. Aqueductal stenosis, brain cysts, Brain tumours, Hydrocephalus, Craniotomy, Radiosurgery, Frameless Stereotaxy are some of the medical conditions for which neuroendoscopy is used to diagnose or treat patients.

• Biopsy
• Endoscopic / Minimally Invasive
• Craniotomy
• Radiosurgery
• Frameless Stereotaxy

12.    Paediatric Neurosurgery

Paediatric neurosurgery is performed to diagnose and treat children who have problem in their brain, spine or peripheral nerves.

• congenital neurological disorders
• cognitive disorders
• cancer
• seizures
• bleeding
• stroke

13. Craniotomy

Craniotomy is a surgery to cut a bony opening in the skull. A section of the skull, called a bone flap, is removed to access the brain underneath. A craniotomy may be small or large depending on the problem.

• Translabyrinthine Craniotomy
• Keyhole Craniotomy (retro-sigmoid craniotomy)
• Extended Bifrontal Craniotomy
• Eyebrow Craniotomy (supra-orbital craniotomy)
• Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy

14.  Neurovascular Surgery

The Neurovascular surgery is a specialised skill to treat brain and spinal cord vascular disorders and diseases of the vascular system, or arteries, veins and lymphatic circulation. This surgery can be traditional (open) surgery or minimally invasive.

• Aneurysm Clipping
• Arteriovenous Malformation or AVM Resection
• Cavernoma Resection

15.   Movement Disorders Surgery

Parkinson's disease, dystonia and tremor are the most general neurological conditions related to movement disorders. The movement disorder surgery is performed to treat these disorders.

• Deep Brain Stimulation
• Craniovertebral Junction Surgery
• Hydrocephalus Surgery